There are some challenges  Wolfe discusses such as fragmentation which is animal studies that emerged from various disciplines that was leading to different development. There  is also interdisciplinarity which shows the nature of animal studies that make it challenging to trace its history and define its boundaries  Animal studies have also struggled  to gain institutional recognition and legitimacy which has hindered development.

There are also ethical concerns about the ethical treatment of animals in the study of animals and their relationships with humans. Wolfe also believes that  the present moments in 2009n is special in the development of animal studies as a field because it represents a critical error where they show the importance of studying animals in their own right. The emergence of animal studies as a field reflect a broader cultural  and  intellectual  movement  toward acknowledging the agency and  significance of non- human animals  in shaping human societies  and the natural world.

The  emergence of animal studies as a field  reflects growing concerns about animal  welfare  environmental  and the ethical treatment of animals  Wolfe argues that embedding animals studies within genealogy of other identity based fields like women’s studies The problem with embedding animal studies within this sequence it conflicts the experiences of  non human animals with marginalized human groups.

Wolfe also impulses towards diversity which is commendable and argues that the inclusion of animal studies within the sequence of identity based fields overlooks the fundamental differences between humans and animals and risks detracting from the focus on human experiences of oppressions and exclusion. Wolfe highlights anthropocentrism, objectification of animals, dualistic and ethical blind spots and overall Wolfe argues that the application of humanism is the study of animals and human animal interaction that reinforces the objectification of animals and the ability to ethically and engage with different experiences and relationships within the animal world.